选择性缄默症 - Selective Mutism

<CHN> 选择性缄默症

是一種社交焦慮症，患者有正常説話的能力，但在特定情境下就是說不出口
目前还沒有找到任何病因，但有证据显示有遗传因素，女性比男性患者较多。

患者焦虑時通常有以下表现，或会被误为无礼：

- 觉得难以保持眼神接触。
- 常常不笑，表情空白。
- 举止僵硬不自然。
- 对通常有需要说话的场合，感到特别难以应付。例如学校点名，打招呼，多谢，道别。
- 比别人更易忧虑。
- 对噪音和人群更敏感。
- 感到难以谈论自己和表达感受。

而正面地，很多患者呈现出：
- 智力和认知高于常人，好奇。
- 对他人的想法和感受敏感。
- 有很好的集中力。
- 善于辨别是非，有正义感。

<ENU> Selective Mutism

is a social anxiety disorder in which a person who is normally capable of speech is unable to speak in given situations.

Typical sufferers have some of the following traits,

some of which are often perceived as rudeness:

- A difficulty in maintaining eye contact
- A reluctance to smile and a tendency to have a blank facial expressions
- Stiff, awkward body movements
- Particular anxiety in situations where speech is normally expected (answering school registers, saying hello, goodbye, thank you, etc.)
- A tendency to worry about things more than other people
- A sensitivity to noise and crowds or crowded situations
- Difficulty with verbal and non-verbal expression
- Frequent temper tantrums at home
- Fear of using public restrooms
- Compulsive traits
- Clinging behavior

Extracted from Wikipedia